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1.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 17(4)jul. 2018. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-915429

ABSTRACT

Lippia graveolens Kunth (Verbenaceae) is an economically important shrub known in Mexico as Oregano. In this work, the biocidal effect of the hexane extract of L. graveolens leaves was evaluated on two crop pests. Thus, larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda were fed with mixtures of extract and artificial diet. The nematicidal activity was evaluated on juveniles of Meloydogine javanica. Regarding S. frugiperda, quantitative differences between treatments and control were observed in dead pupae, surviving adults, and deformed adults (P < 0.05). All the surviving adults from the extract treatments were deformed. Nematicidal effect was registered, the LC50 and LC90 were 0.672 (0.654-0.690) and 0.965 (0.937-0.998) mg/mL respectively. The extract was characterized by NMR and GC-MS, being thymol the most abundant component (70.6%) in addition to carvacrol (22.8%). The results suggest the consideration of the hexane extract of L. graveolens leaves within the alternatives for the biological control of pests.


Lippia graveolens Kunth (Verbenaceae) es un arbusto con importancia económica conocido en México como Orégano. En éste trabajo se evaluó el efecto biocida del extracto hexánico de hojas L. graveolens sobre dos plagas agrícolas. Así, larvas de S. frugiperda fueron alimentadas con mezclas de dieta artificial y extracto. La actividad nematicida fue evaluada en juveniles de Meloydogine javanica, Respecto a S. frugiperda, se observaron diferencias cuantitativas entre tratamiento y control en cuanto a pupas muertas, adultos sobrevivientes y adultos deformes (P < 0.05). Todos los adultos provenientes de tratamientos con extracto estuvieron malformados. Hubo efecto nematicida, calculándose CL50 y CL90 de 0.672 (0.654-0.690) y 0.965 (0.937-0.998) mg/mL respectivamente. El extracto se caracterizó por RMN y CG-EM. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron timol (70.6%), ademas del carvacrol (22.8%). Los resultados sugieren considerar al extracto hexánico de hojas de L. graveolens dentro de las alternativas para el control biológico de plagas.


Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Spodoptera/drug effects , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Lippia/chemistry , Antinematodal Agents/pharmacology , Phenols/analysis , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Pest Control, Biological , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Verbenaceae , Monoterpenes/analysis , Larva , Antinematodal Agents/chemistry
2.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 11(4): 381-385, dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893277

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: La periodontitis crónica es una inflamación de los tejidos que rodean y dan soporte a los dientes. Diversos biomarcadores químicos y pro inflamatorios están aumentados durante el transcurso de la enfermedad. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los distintos niveles salivales de proteínas totales, fosfatasa alcalina, prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) y lisozima en pacientes con periodontitis crónica. Se obtuvieron muestras de saliva de 31 pacientes con periodontitis crónica y se realizó un estudio de serie de casos para la determinación cuantitativa de los biomarcadores. La concentración de proteínas totales se encontró por sobre los rangos de referencia en 22 pacientes, la actividad de la fosfatasa alcalina se vio aumentada en 9 pacientes y la concentración de PGE2 se vio por sobre los rangos de referencia en 30 pacientes. Las proteínas totales y PGE2 son biomarcadores salivales en estos pacientes con periodontitis, no así la fosfatasa alcalina y la lisozima.


ABSTRACT: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammation of tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth; during the course of the disease there is an increase of different chemical and pro-inflammatory biomarkers. The objective of the study was to determine different levels in saliva of total protein, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in patients with chronic periodontitis. We used saliva samples from 31 patients who had chronic periodontitis and the study was a case of series. Our results showed 22 patients with increased concentrations of protein concentration, nine patients with increased alkaline phosphatase and PGE2 concentration was above the reference range in 30 patients: The total protein and PGE2 are good salivary biomarkers in patients with periodontitis, but not the alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chronic Periodontitis/complications , Chronic Periodontitis/therapy , Prostaglandins E , Saliva , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/analysis , Biomarkers , Proteins , Muramidase , Alkaline Phosphatase
3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(2): 152-162, abr. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899893

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La sintomatología depresiva en el postparto impacta negativamente en el sistema familiar. En México existe poca investigación al respecto por ello es primordial su estudio. Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia de sintomatología depresiva postparto y los factores psicosociales que se le asocian. Material y métodos. Se entrevistaron 154 mujeres con 0 a 12 meses de postparto que acudieron a dos hospitales públicos de un estado del noreste México. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Depresión Postparto de Edimburgo (EPDS) para medir la sintomatología depresiva y un Cuestionario de Factores Psicosociales diseñado por los investigadores. Resultados. El 16% de la muestra presentó sintomatología depresiva. Los factores que se le asociaron fueron estado civil de unión libre, familiar con depresión, tristeza en embarazo, acontecimiento vital estresante en embarazo, consumo de alcohol en embarazo, ansiedad, consumo de alcohol actual, insatisfacción con los cambios corporales, percibir mayor atención de la familia al bebé y haber experimentado tristeza en embarazos anteriores. Conclusiones. Existen factores psicosociales que se asocian a sintomatología depresiva en el postparto que es de relevancia conocer en la atención primaria con el fin de crear estrategias preventivas en las instituciones de salud.


Background. Postpartum depressive symptomatology has a negative impact on the nuclear family. Research on this topic is scarce in Mexico, therefore conducting more studies in this field is of upmost importance. Objective. Finding out the frequency of postpartum depressive symptomatology and its associated psychosocial factors. Material and methods. 154 women at 0-12 months postpartum that attended two public hospitals in a northeast state of the Mexico were interviewed. They answered the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), measuring depressive symptomatology, and a Psychosocial Factors questionnaire designed by the researchers. Results. 16% of women in the cohort presented depressive symptomatology. The factors associated were out-of-wedlock cohabitation, having relatives that suffer from depression, feelings of sadness during pregnancy, stressful life event during pregnancy, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, anxiety, current alcohol consumption, dissatisfaction regarding body changes caused by pregnancy, feeling that family attention is focused on the baby and having feelings of sadness during previous pregnancies. Conclusions. There are psychosocial factors that are associated to postpartum depressive symptomatology, which should be taken into consideration to create preventive strategies in health institutes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Depression, Postpartum/psychology , Prognosis , Social Support , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis , Depression, Postpartum/ethnology , Mexico
4.
Enferm. univ ; 14(2): 88-96, 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-953211

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La resonancia magnética es un método de imagen ideal para el diagnóstico de enfermedades cardiovasculares; sin embargo, la mayoría de los pacientes refieren enfrentarse a un ambiente desconocido, lo cual les provoca ansiedad y cambios en sus constantes vitales. Objetivo: Comparar el nivel de ansiedad (NA) del adulto cardiópata posterior a una intervención de musicoterapia, en un estudio de resonancia magnética. Material y métodos: Estudio comparativo, prospectivo y transversal. Muestra probabilística aleatoria simple (N = 31) para dos grupos: G1 n = 14 y G2 n = 17; incluyó pacientes >15 años, ambos sexos. Se aplicó el instrumento STAI antes y después de musicoterapia; 10 ítems para datos demográficos, signos vitales y sintomatología; 20 ítems para NA con respuesta tipo Likert: nada = 0 hasta mucho = 3 puntos; bajo NA <24, NA medio 24-38 y alto NA >38 puntos. Intervención musical: G1 escuchó música clásica y G2 de su preferencia por 30 minutos entre 15 y 24 decibeles antes del estudio y el tiempo que duró este (> 20 minutos). Datos analizados con estadística descriptiva, prueba Pearson, Spearman, U Mann Whitney, t de Student y T pareada, p <0.05 significativo. Resultados: La musicoterapia reduce la frecuencia cardiaca (74.36 vs. 69.07, p = 0.01), frecuencia respiratoria (16.29 vs. 12.93, p = 0.001) y tensión arterial sistólica (127.21 vs. 117.21, p = 0.01), tanto en el G1 como en el G2. Los pacientes del G2 mostraron mayor disminución del NA comparado con el G1 (26.88 vs. 23.24, p=0.037). Conclusiones: La musicoterapia seleccionada por el paciente sometido a resonancia magnética ha mostrado ser una intervención efectiva para conseguir un cambio específico en el estado fisiológico, emocional y conductual.


Introduction: Magnetic resonance is an ideal imaging method in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases; however, the majority of patients refer this process as if they were in an unknown environment which provokes them anxiety, resulting in constant changes in their vitals. Objective: To compare the level of anxiety (AL) of the heart-ill adult after an intervention with music-therapy following a magnetic resonance study. Materials and methods: This is a comparative, prospective and transversal study, with a simple aleatory probabilistic sample (N = 31) divided in two groups: G1 with n = 14, and G2 with n = 17, including patients >15 years old of both sexes. The STAI instrument was applied before and after the music-therapy session using 10 items for demographic data, vital signs, and symptomatology, and 20 items to estimate the AL, with answers based on a Likert-type scale with: 0 = not at all, to 3 = a lot, and a total scale score where, <24 = low level of anxiety, 24-38 = medium level of anxiety, and >28 = high level of anxiety. The group G1 listened to classical music, while the group G2 listened to the music of their choice for 30 minutes the sound level was kept between 15 and 24 decibels before the study and the duration of the study (> 20 minutes). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Pearson, Spearman, U Mann Whitney, Student's t, and paired T test, p < .05. Results: Music-therapy reduced the cardiac frequency (74.36 vs. 69.07, p = .01), the respiratory frequency (16.29 vs. 12.93, p = .001), and the systolic arterial tension (127.21 vs. 117.21, p = .01), in both groups. Patients in G2 showed a greater AL reduction compared to those in G1 (26.88 vs. 23.24, p = .037). Conclusions: Selected music-therapy in patients undergoing magnetic resonance has shown to be an effective intervention method to modify specific physiological, emotional, and behavioral states of these patients.


Introdução: A ressonância magnética (RM) é um método de imagem ideal para o diagnóstico de doenças cardiovasculares, porém, a maioria dos pacientes descrevem enfrentar-se a um ambiente desconhecido, o que lhes produz ansiedade e mudanças nos seus signos vitais. Objetivo: Comparar o nível de ansiedade (NA) do adulto cardiopata posterior a uma intervençãode musicoterapia em um teste de ressonância magnética. Material e métodos: Estudo comparativo, prospetivo e transversal. Amostra probabilística aleatória simples (N=31) para dois grupos: G1 n=14 y G2 n=17, incluiu pacientes >15 anos, ambos os sexos. Aplicou-se o instrumento STAI antes e depois de musicoterapia, 10 itens para dados demográficos, signos vitais e sintomatologia, 20 itens para NA com resposta tipo Likert: nada =0 até muito=3 pontos, sob NA <24, NA médio 24-38 e alto NA >38 pontos. Intervenção musical: G1 escutou música clássica e G2 de sua preferência por 30 minutos entre 15 e 24 decibéis antes do teste e o tempo que durou este (>20 minutos). Dados analisados com estatística descritiva, prova Pearson, Spearman, U Mann Whitney, T de Student e T pareada, p <0.05 significativo. Resultados: A musicoterapia reduz a frequência cardíaca (74.36 vs 69.07, p=0.01), frequência respiratória (16.29 vs 12.93, p=0.001) e tensão arterial sistólica (127.21 vs 117.21, p=0.01), tanto no G1 quanto no G2. Os pacientes do G2 mostraram maior diminuição do NA comparado com o G1 (26.88 vs 23.24, p=0.037). Conclusões: A musicoterapia selecionada pelo paciente submetido a RM mostrou ser uma intervenção efetiva para conseguir um cambio específico no estado fisiológico, emocional e comportamental.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent
6.
Kasmera ; 42(1): 52-65, jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-746301

ABSTRACT

Se evaluó un sistema piloto de tratamiento de aguas residuales municipales para verificar su capacidad de remoción de patógenos virales. La presencia de Adenovirus, Calicivirus, Enterovirus, Virus de Hepatitis A y Virus de Hepatitis E. Se determinó mediante RT-PCR (Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa con Transcriptasa Reversa). Además se examinó la eficacia de los colifagos como indicadores y se verificó la presencia de indicadores bacterianos clásicos. Se obtuvo un 100% de positividad para la presencia de todos los virus en la entrada y salida del sistema, por lo que el sistema no es capaz de eliminarlos. Los colifagos no fueron removidos por este sistema, pero sirvieron como indicadores para la presencia de virus entéricos en el mismo. Los indicadores bacterianos redujeron su número a su paso por el sistema, pero aún al final del sistema, los coliformes se encontraban en números por encima de los límites establecidos por las leyes venezolanas. Por lo tanto, sería necesario agregar otros pasos al sistema, para poder obtener un efluente que cumpla las leyes y que garantice la ausencia de virus entéricos.


A pilot system for treating municipal waste was evaluated to verify its ability to remove viral pathogens. The presence of Adenovirus, Calicivirus, Enterovirus and Hepatitis A and E was determined using RT-PCR. The efficiency of coliphages as indicators and the presence of classic bacterial indicators were also investigated. A 100% positivity was obtained for the presence of all viruses at the entrance and exit of the system; therefore, the system was not able to remove them. Coliphages weren’t removed by the system, but they were effective as indicators of enteric viral presence in it. Bacterial indicators reduced their number going through the system, but even at the end of the system, coliforms had numbers above the limits dictated by Venezuelan law. Therefore, it would be necessary to add additional steps to the system in order to obtain an effluent that meets the laws and to ensure the absence of enteric viruses.

7.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 77(2): 143-147, 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627415

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: Los mioepiteliomas, son tumores poco frecuentes originados a partir de la proliferación de células mioepiteliales. La mayor parte localizados en las extremidades inferiores y en glándulas salivales. Existen ocasionales informes previos de MEP que involucren la vagina. Objetivo: Describir un caso de mioepitelioma localizado en vagina. Caso clínico: Embarazada de 29 años edad, quien presenta una masa vaginal de un año de evolución, localizada en el himen. El examen histopatológico muestra una lesión compuesta por células fusiformes con positividad inmunohistoquímica para vimentina, citoqueratinas (CK) AE1/ AE3, S100, CD10, receptores de estrógenos y progesterona, Bcl2 y calponina y negatividad para desmina, actina muscular especifica, actina de músculo liso y p63. Con los anteriores hallazgos se interpreta la lesión como un mioepitelioma primario vaginal. Conclusión: Los mioepiteliomas son tumores que requieren para su diagnostico, análisis con técnicas de inmunohistoquímica o ultraestructurales que permitan diferenciarlos de otros tumores.


Background: The myoepitheliomas are rare tumors arising from the proliferation of myoepithelial cells. Most tumors are located in the lower extremity and salivary glands. There have been only occasional myoepithelial neoplasms previously reported involving the vagina. Objective: Describe a case of myoepithelioma located in the vagina of a pregnant woman. Case report: A 29 years old pregnant female, who about 1 year prior has a vaginal mass, located in the hymen. At histopathological examination shows a mass composed of spindle cells with positivity immunohistochemical studies for vimentin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, S100, CD10 and calponin and negative for desmin, actinmuscle specific (HHF35), smooth muscle actin and p63. With these findings it was established the diagnosis of myoepithelioma in the vagina. Conclusion: Myoepitheliomas are tumors requiring for diagnostic of immunohistochemistry or ultrastructural techniques that allow its differentiation from other tumors.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Myoepithelioma/diagnosis , Myoepithelioma/pathology , Vaginal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Vaginal Neoplasms/pathology , Vulvar Neoplasms/diagnosis , Vulvar Neoplasms/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Biomarkers, Tumor
8.
Eureka (Asunción, En línea) ; 8(1): 68-79, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-692688

ABSTRACT

En continuidad con los estudios del área de Perfiles de la Cátedra de Psicología Experimental I y II, se llevó a cabo un análisis comparativo de Perfiles de Personalidad en estudiantes de psicología. La muestra fue intencional y autoseleccionada, quedó conformada por 153 estudiantes de Psicología. Se ha utilizado un diseño Descriptivo y Comparado. El instrumento utilizado fue el Inventario Multifásico de la Personalidad Minnesota-2 (MMPI-2). Los resultados reportan que existe un patrón de personalidad con similitudes muy acentuadas en los estudiantes de la carrera de psicología, independiente del curso al que pertenecen, y en comparación a los perfiles de años anteriores (n = 152, muestra 2001: n=168, muestra 2007: y n= 101 muestra 2008).


In continuity with the studies of the area of Profiles of the Professorship of Experimental Psychology I and II, a comparative analysis of Profiles of Personality in students of psychology was carried out. The sample was intentional and autoseleccionada, remained conformed by 153 (166) students of Psychology. A Descriptive design has been utilized and Compared. The instrument utilized was the Polyphase Inventory of the Personality Minnesota-2 (MMPI-2). The results report that a boss of personality with similarities exists very accentuated in the students of the career of psychology, independent of the course to which they belong, and in comparison to the profiles of previous years (n = 152 sample 2001; n = 168, sample 2007 and n = 101 sample 2008).

9.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 3(3): 211-221, jul. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-610320

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of idiopathic short stature (ISS) is common among patients with short stature, especially those with a height lower than 2 standard deviations (SD) of the mean. The diagnosis of ISS is considered in children with short stature in whom no recognizable causes are found after a proper evaluation by pediatric endocrinologists. The professional must perform a complete personal and family history, appropriate anthropometry and physical examination and confirm that general and specific laboratory studies including supraphysiological stimuli to measure growth hormone, are normal. Growth hormone (GH) treatment is safe and effective in patients with ISS. Its effects are very similar to those observed in other conditions that affect growth as Turner Syndrome and Small for Gestational Age Short Children. However, treatment is still controversial because ethical, psychological, social, cultural and economic issues, wich are difficult to evaluate, must be taken into account. Individual patient differences and their family environment must also be considered. The hormone is more often indicated to fulfil parent or social environment needs rather than the wish of the patients. Although the treatment is safe, it is not free of complications and its results are often poorer than those expected by patients or their parents. The Chilean Society of Endocrinology and diabetes commissioned a panel of experts among its members, to generate a consensus document on ISS and the use of growth hormone, to provide information and recommendations to the Chilean community.


Subject(s)
Humans , Body Height , Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Growth Disorders/psychology , Growth Disorders/drug therapy , Body Image , Consensus , Growth Hormone/adverse effects , Interpersonal Relations , Risk Factors , Self Concept , Social Support
10.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1342124

ABSTRACT

La vacunación rutinaria de difteria, pertussis y tétanos a células enteras (DPTw) está presente desde 1940 y con elevadas coberturas en muchos países del mundo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha aprobado el uso universal de la vacuna anti-hepatitis B (HB) y combinaciones con DPT, en los últimos años ha sido incorporada la vacuna anti-Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib) en programas de vacunación del niño. Es aplicada en Paraguay desde el 2002 a través del Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Determinamos la reactoinmunogenicidad secundaria a la vacunación primaria pentavalente combinada en infantes concurrentes al Hospital Distrital de Lambaré­Paraguay en los años 2007-2008. Estudio longitudinal, observacional prospectivo de los efectos secundarios y los aspectos inmune- específicos de la vacuna Berna DTPw-HepB-Hib (QUINVAXEMTM) en lactantes menores de un año, a los 2 meses de edad, datos basales y post vacunales (1 mes luego de 3ª dosis). Efectos locales: 30(75%); rubor 17 (42.5%); tumefacción (menos 20 mm); 13 (32.5%); calor local 11 (27.5%). Efectos generales: fiebre: 37 (92.5%) llanto fuerte y persistente: 32(80%); irritabilidad: 23 (57.5%); hiporreactividad 16 (40%), anorexia 8 (20%); Inmunogenicidad: antes de la 1ª dosis; antitetánica IgG (+) 38/40 (95%), anti-difteria (+) IgG 29/40 (72.5%); anti-HBsAg 0/40 (0%) negativos. Respuesta post-vacuna penta comb. (7m. edad): antitetánica IgG 14/14 (100%) (+); anti-difteria IgG 12/14 (83%) (+); anti-HBsAg 14/14 (100%) positivos. Se evidencia la reactogenicidad de grado variable y decreciente. Niveles de anticuerpos de los componentes DT, satisfactorios y la Hep B excelentes


The combined cellular pentavalent vaccine is one the greatest achievements of human kind in the 20th century and is still successful in the 21st century. It is made up of five components and protects against the following diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The vaccine provides specific active immunization against infections caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Clostridium tetani, Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type B and the Hepatitis B virus in children from six weeks of age. In Paraguay, it has been used since 2002 through the Widened Program of Immunization (PAI in Spanish) of the Ministry of Public Health. The objective of this work was to determine the secondary reactoinmunogenicity to the primary combined pentavalent vaccination in children attending the District Hospital of Lambaré, Paraguay in 2007 and 2008. This is a longitudinal, prospective observational study to evaluate the secondary effects and immune-specific aspects of the Berna DTPw-HepB-Hib combined pentavalent vaccine (QUINVAXEMTM) applied to breastfed babies under one year old, of both sexes, all races, origins and nutrition statuses in the Hospital of Lambaré. The vaccination was free, according to PAI's guidelines and by consecutive sampling previous written consent of the parents, at 2 months of age. Data were collected at baseline an post-vaccination after one month and a third dose. In a total population of 40 breastfed babies, good nutrition was found in 36 (90%). Local effects were seen in 30 (75%) distributed as follows: blush in 17 (42.5%), tumefaction (less than 20 mm) in 13 (32.5%) and local heat in 11 (27.5%). General effects were distributed as follows: fever in 37 (92.5%), loud and persistent cry in 32 (80%), irritability in 23 (57.5%), hyporeactivity in 16 (40%), anorexia in 8 (20%), hypotonicity and allergy, 2 each (5%), convulsions and paralysis in none. The effects are an average after the three doses with a decreasing trend at the end. The immunogenicity basal data before the 1st dose were as follows: antitetanic IgG (+) 38/40 (95%), antidiphtheria IgG (+) 29/40 (72.5%) and anti HBs Ag (-) 0/40 (0%). Post - vaccination responses (at 7 months old) were as follows: antitetanic IgG (+) 14/14 (100%), antidiphtheria IgG (+) 12/14 (83%) and anti HBs Ag (+) 14/14 (100%). These results show a reactogenicity of variable and decreasing degree. The antibodies levels of the DT components were satisfactory and those of Hep B excellent


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage , Immunogenicity, Vaccine , Pediatrics , Infant
11.
Eureka (Asunción, En línea) ; 6(1): 104-112, 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1017630

ABSTRACT

La investigación busca comprobar que por medio de la aplicación del programa de entrenamiento Mnemotécnico (VI) es probable incrementar la memoria (VD) de un grupo de adultos mayores de sexo masculino, cuya edad oscila entre 70 y 75 años. La muestra intencional y autoselectiva será de no más de veinte participantes. Se aplicará un diseño cuasi-experimental intragrupo pre-post-evaluación, durante el cual se evaluará pre-post la memoria inmediata de los adultos mayores mediante una batería de test. El paradigma a utilizar será el O1 X O2. Para realizar el análisis de datos se aplicará estadística descriptiva e inferencial empleando la t de Student, con un nivel de significación de α: 0.05.


Subject(s)
Adult , Adult , Memory , Paraguay , Psychology
12.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 5(2): 6-14, dic. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: lil-574619

ABSTRACT

La vacunación rutinaria de difteria, pertussis y tétanos a células enteras (DPTw) está presente desde 1940 y con elevadas coberturas en muchos países del mundo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha aprobado el uso universal de la vacuna anti-hepatitis B (HB) y combinaciones con DPT, en los últimos años ha sido incorporada la vacuna anti-Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib) en programas de vacunación del niño. Es aplicada en Paraguay desde el 2002 a través del Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones del Ministeriode Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Determinamos la reactoinmunogenicidad secundaria a la vacunación primaria pentavalente combinada en infantes concurrentes al Hospital Distrital de Lambaré–Paraguay en los años 2007-2008. Estudio longitudinal,observacional prospectivo de los efectos secundarios y los aspectos inmune- específicos de la vacuna Berna DTPw-HepB-Hib (QUINVAXEMTM) en lactantes menores de un año, a los 2 meses de edad, datos basales y post vacunales (1 mes luego de 3ª dosis). Efectoslocales: 30(75%); rubor 17 (42.5%); tumefacción (menos 20 mm); 13 (32.5%); calor local 11 (27.5%). Efectos generales: fiebre: 37 (92.5%) llanto fuerte y persistente: 32(80%); irritabilidad: 23 (57.5%); hiporreactividad 16 (40%), anorexia 8 (20%); Inmunogenicidad: antes de la 1ª dosis; antitetánica IgG (+) 38/40 (95%), anti-difteria (+) IgG 29/40 (72.5%); anti-HBsAg 0/40 (0%) negativos. Respuesta post-vacuna pentacomb. (7m. edad): antitetánica IgG 14/14 (100%) (+); anti-difteria IgG 12/14 (83%) (+); anti-HBsAg 14/14 (100%) positivos. Se evidencia la reactogenicidad de grado variable y decreciente. Niveles de anticuerpos de los componentes DT, satisfactorios y laHep B excelentes.


The combined cellular pentavalent vaccine is one the greatest achievements of human kind in the 20th century and is still successful in the 21st century. It is made up of fivecomponents and protects against the following diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The vaccine provides specific active immunization against infections caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Clostridium tetani, Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type B and the Hepatitis B virus in children from six weeks of age. In Paraguay, it has been used since 2002 through the Widened Program of Immunization (PAI in Spanish) of the Ministry of Public Health. Theobjective of this work was to determine the secondary reactoinmunogenicity to the primary combined pentavalent vaccination in children attending the District Hospital of Lambaré, Paraguay in 2007 and 2008. This is a longitudinal, prospective observational study to evaluate the secondary effects and immune-specific aspects of the Berna DTPw- HepB-Hib combined pentavalent vaccine (QUINVAXEMTM) applied to breastfed babies under one year old, of both sexes, all races, origins and nutrition statuses in the Hospitalof Lambaré. The vaccination was free, according to PAI's guidelines and by consecutive sampling previous written consent of the parents, at 2 months of age. Data were collected at baseline an post-vaccination after one month and a third dose. In a total population of 40 breastfed babies, good nutrition was found in 36 (90%). Local effectswere seen in 30 (75%) distributed as follows: blush in 17 (42.5%), tumefaction (less than 20 mm) in 13 (32.5%) and local heat in 11 (27.5%). General effects were distributed as follows: fever in 37 (92.5%), loud and persistent cry in 32 (80%),irritability in 23 (57.5%), hyporeactivity in 16 (40%), anorexia in 8 (20%), hypotonicity and allergy, 2 each (5%), convulsions and paralysis in none. The effects are an average after the three...


Subject(s)
Infant , Diphtheria Toxoid
13.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol ; 8(1): 7-14, ago. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-549113

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajo reviste un esfuerzo particular por iniciar el tema del "pensamiento reflexivo en Fonoaudiólogos formadores de Fonoaudiólogos". Se revisan los conceptos de "pensamiento reflexivo" y "práctica reflexiva" así como también marcos teóricos con un sistema de clasificación de niveles de reflexión de racionalidad técnica, práctica y crítica. Se propone además, la aplicación en el ámbito fonoaudiológico de un tipo de capacitación de desarrollo de la práctica reflexiva.


The present manuscript represents a specific effort on the commencement of "reflexive thought among speech pathologist who are involved in teaching students enrolled in Speech and Hearing Sciences Programmes". The concepts of "reflexive thought" and "reflexive practice" as well as a literatura review with a system of classification of levels of reflexion of technical, practical and critical rationality are addressed. Also, the utilisation, within the field of speech and hearing sciences, of a type of training on the development of the reflexive practice is proposed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/education , Professional Practice , Thinking
14.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 6(2): 415-421, 2007.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-482028

ABSTRACT

Studies of the hemoglobin pattern in Brazilian reptiles are important for determining ecological and phylogenetic relationships, but they are scarce. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 7 males and 18 females of Rhinoclemmys punctularia. The hematological profile was based on the total hemoglobin and hematocrit values. The hemoglobin profile was obtained using electrophoretic procedures at different pH, isoelectric focusing, globin chain electrophoresis, and HPLC. The hematocrit (31 +/- 2%) and total hemoglobin (7.5 +/- 0.2 g/dL) values did not indicate gender variations. Alkaline pH electrophoresis of the total blood samples treated with 1% saponin demonstrated the presence of four well-defined hemoglobin fractions, one major component (fraction I), showing cathodic migration and three others faster than fraction I with anodic migration. When the samples were precipitated with chloroform, only two hemoglobin fractions were observed, similar to fractions I and III from the first procedure. Isoelectric focusing and HPLC showed the same pattern. With acid and neutral pH electrophoresis, two fractions with anodic migration were observed. The globin chain identification at alkaline pH showed two fractions, but four fractions were observed at acidic pH, suggesting that different polypeptide chains are involved in the hemoglobin molecule. The chromatographic separation of the total blood sample demonstrated that the major fraction comprised 81.9% and the minor 18.1%. The results obtained demonstrated a similarity between these hemoglobin components and those of some Chelidae reported in the literature for both land and aquatic animals, reflecting the adaptation to environmental conditions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Chromatography/methods , Electrophoresis/methods , Hemoglobins/genetics , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Polymorphism, Genetic , Turtles/genetics , Ecology/methods , Phylogeny , Hematocrit , Models, Genetic , Reptiles
16.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 20(1): 9-14, ene.-mar. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-401388

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de sifilis y vih e identificar los comportamientos de riesgos asociados en personas privadas de libertad (PPL). Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado durante el año 1999 en 22 establecimientos penitenciarios peruanos. Se realizó RPR para la detección de sífilis (datos ligados) y ELISA para tamizaje de vih (datos no ligados), confirmándose con IFI o Western Blot. Se realizó una encuesta estructurada y se analizaron los datos mediante los programas SPSS 9,0 y AMOS 4. Resutados: Particparon 6 963 PPL. La prevalencia de vih fue 1,1 por ciento y de sífilis 4,1 por ciento. Los comportamiento de riesgo asociados a vih más significativos fueron: consumo de drogas (OR:2,7), infecciones de transmisión sexual (OR:2,3), relaciones sexuales entre hombres (OR:2,2), uso de cocaína (OR: 2,1), úlcera genital (OR: 2,1), haber sido encarcelado previamente (OR: 2) y tener tatuajes (OR: 1,99). Mientras los asociados a sífilis fueron: tener relaciones sexuaqles entre hombres (OR: 2,8), infecciones de transmisión sexual (OR:2,4), úlcera genital (OR 1,8), haber tenido relaciones sexuales con trabajadora sexual (OR:1,5) y tener más de dos parejas sexuales (OR: 1,5). Utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales se asoció VIH con el reporte de tener tatuaje, más de dos parejas sexuales, mós de un encarcelamiento previo y úlcera genital. Conclusiones: Se encontraron importantes valores de prevalencia de VIH y sífilis en este grupo de personas, siendo necesario continuar realizando estudios similares que nos permitan conocer las tendencias (vigilancia de segunda generación) y conocer el impacto de posibles intervenciones


Subject(s)
Risk Factors , HIV , Syphilis/epidemiology , Peru
17.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 1(4): 282-297, Dec. 2002.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-417637

ABSTRACT

(Co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for body weights of an elite Brahman herd under a designed, supervised management and genetic program, including strategic artificial insemination (AI). Restricted maximum likelihood methods were used with a univariate animal model for birth weight (BW) and a bivariate model for weaning weight (205-day weight, 205W) and 18-month weight (548-day weight, 548W). Models included random animal direct and maternal genetic effects, maternal permanent environmental effect (c2), and sex-year-month of birth-age of dam and genetic group (identified and unidentified paternity), as fixed effects. Analysis A1 included all calves and analysis A2 included only those with identified sires. Of the 8,066 calves born, 36 were progeny of AI, 11 from single sire and 53 from multi-sire herds. They were born from 1985 to 1998, from 2559 dams and 146 sires (78 identified). Estimates of direct, maternal and total heritabilities from A1 for BW, 205W and 548W were: 0.23, 0.07 and 0.30; 0.08, 0.14 and 0.16; 0.16, 0.04 and 0.28, respectively. Corresponding estimates of direct maternal genetic correlations were 0.22, 0.07 and 0.86, and c2 estimates were 0.04, 0.14 and 0.04, respectively. Estimates of direct and maternal genetic, and permanent environmental correlations between 205W and 548W were: 0.66, 0.70 and 1.00. Variances and genetic parameters from A1 and A2 were, in general, very similar. Estimates of phenotypic, and direct and maternal genetic trends per year from A1 were: 0.393, 0.004 and 0.003 kg (BW), 3.367, 0.142 and 0.115 kg (205W), 1.813, 0.263 and 0.095 kg (548W). Estimates of direct and maternal genetic trends from A2 were: 0.033 and -0.002 kg (BW); 0.186 and 0.276 kg (205W); 0.471 and 0.136 kg (548W). The modern selection methods that have been used recently should be continued, with emphasis on the improvement of cow efficiency for sustainable beef production on floodable savanna combined with improved pasture


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Cattle/genetics , Genetic Variation , Phenotype , Body Weight/genetics , Analysis of Variance , Animal Husbandry , Birth Weight , Cattle/growth & development , Weight Gain/genetics , Insemination, Artificial/genetics , Models, Genetic , Quantitative Trait, Heritable , Weaning
18.
Oncol. clín ; 7(4): 810-814, nov. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-330243

ABSTRACT

La insulina, miembro de la familia de factores de crecimiento que incluyen al factor de crecimiento tipo insulina I (IGF-I) y II (IGF-II), presenta efectos mitogénicos sobre células epiteliales mamarias normales y malignas (Goodwin y col., 2002). Se postula que altos niveles de insulina permiten identificar mujeres con una mala evolución de su cáncer de mama, en quienes deberán aplicarse estrategias terapéuticas más efectivas. Se estudiaron 32 pacientes con cáncer de mama, de las cuales 18 presentaron carcinoma ductal invasor, incluidos 3 multifocales (56 por ciento), 6 carcinoma lobulillar infiltrante (19 por ciento), 3 carcinoma papilar (10 por ciento) y el resto otros tipos (15 por ciento). Dos pacientes (7 por ciento) presentan diabetes mellitus no-insulino dependiente. Los niveles de insulina plasmática en ayunas determinados por RIA (Insulin-CT kit) resultaron en: 18 pacientes (56 por ciento) con niveles normales (5,5 a 19,9 µUI/ml), el resto (44 por ciento) con insulinemias superiores al normal. La insulinemia plasmática en ayunas en voluntarias sanas resultó ser de 13,9ñ4,3 µUI/ml (n=10)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating , Carcinoma, Lobular , Carcinoma, Papillary , Insulin , Insulin Antagonists , Biomarkers, Tumor , Breast Neoplasms , Insulin , Lymphatic Metastasis , Prognosis , Receptors, Estrogen , Receptors, Progesterone , Receptors, Somatomedin , Survival Rate
19.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 52(1): 74-83, mar. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-333990

ABSTRACT

Existen en el mercado una gran variedad de productos desinfectantes de uso tradicional en la industria alimentaria, como cloro, yodo, amonios cuaternarios y sus respectivos derivados. Sin embargo, han aparecido otros productos alternativos, como el extracto de semilla de toronja, ácido peracético y láctico. En el presente trabajo se analizó la efectividad germicida in vitro del extracto de semilla de toronja ( 400 ppm), ácido peracético (2000 ppm) y ácido láctico (20000 ppm) a los tiempos recomendados por el fabricante y otros tiempos adicionales, frente a microorganismos de prueba, como Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureos, Streptococcus faecales y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Para cada caso se determinó la cinética de muerte, evaluando la eficacia germicida (por ciento), la velocidad específica de muerte (t-1) y el tiempo de reducción decimal (min). De los productos evaluados, el ácido peracético en las condiciones recomendadas por el fabricante, 2000 ppm durante 1 min de acción, presentó los menores tiempos de reducción decimal frente a los microorganismos ensayados. En general y para todos los productos, los microorganismos Gram positivos presentaron una mayor sensibilidad a la acción desinfectante


Subject(s)
Ammonium Chloride , Chlorine , Environmental Pollution , Disinfectants , Food , Industrial Microbiology , Iodine , Chile , Nutritional Sciences
20.
Dermatol. peru ; 10(1): 56-8, ene.-jul. 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-295204

ABSTRACT

La policondritis recidivante (PR) es una afección sistémica crónica y recidivante que afecta preferencialmente el tejido cartilaginoso de diversos órganos y sistemas, produciendo una condromalacia con efectos adversos de los órganos comprometidos. Esta es una entidad relativamente rara. Se presenta un caso con compromiso de los pabellones auriculares y otras manifestaciones asociadas y se revisa la literatura relacionada. Se describe un paciente varón de 29 años, que presentó tumefacción bilateral de las orejas con enrojecimiento, con sensación de dolor continuo, concomitantemente presentó astralgias, dolor preesternal y precordial, cefalea y palpitaciones. El diagnóstico se sustentó en los hallazgos anatomopatológicos de un espécimen de piel del pabellón, objetivándose una intensa reacción inflamatoria linfohistiocitaria que destruía progresivamente el tejido cartilaginosos, con necrosis y tejido fibroblástico residual.


Subject(s)
Polychondritis, Relapsing , Cartilage
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